An issue in gnutls v3.8.13 causes legitimate CA certificates to be rejected, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS). NOTE: this is disputed by multiple parties because the behavior does not offer a new ability for an adversary to conduct a denial of service, and because the product can reasonably choose to enforce a dNSName constraint against Common Name when Subject Alternative Name is absent.

GnuTLS v3.8.13 does not properly enforce name constraints, as demonstrated by a permitted subtree violation for "EE O=Evil accepted although outside permitted O=Good." NOTE: the Supplier does not consider this an actionable security vulnerability because of its "threat model doesn't consider attacks only possible by modifying anything within the trust boundary (private keys, trusted certificate authorities and their issued certificates including intermediate CAs, etc.)" policy.

In GnuTLS v3.8.13, an excluded msUPN/SRV otherName is never checked. NOTE: the Supplier does not consider this an actionable security vulnerability because of its "threat model doesn't consider attacks only possible by modifying anything within the trust boundary (private keys, trusted certificate authorities and their issued certificates including intermediate CAs, etc.)" policy.

GnuTLS v3.8.13 can perhaps unexpectedly trust a certificate on the basis of Common Name when Subject Alternative Name has an SRV otherName (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.8.7) whose value is an OCTET STRING. NOTE: the Supplier does not consider this an actionable security vulnerability because of its "threat model doesn't consider attacks only possible by modifying anything within the trust boundary (private keys, trusted certificate authorities and their issued certificates including intermediate CAs, etc.)" policy.

In the bootloader download module, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a failure to reset a global offset variable during firmware update sessions. This could lead to heap memory corruption, system crash, or potential arbitrary code execution with no additional execution privileges needed.

In Modem Firmware, there is a possible system crash due to improper input validation of dedicated PUCCH configuration. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed.

An issue in gnutls v.3.8.13 allows an attacker to obtain sensitive information via failing to reject end-entity X.509 certificates that contain a contradictory combination of Key Usage (KU) and Extended Key Usage (EKU). NOTE: the Supplier does not consider this an actionable security vulnerability because of its "threat model doesn't consider attacks only possible by modifying anything within the trust boundary (private keys, trusted certificate authorities and their issued certificates including intermediate CAs, etc.)" policy.

js-toml is a TOML parser for JavaScript, fully compliant with the TOML 1.0.0 Spec. Versions up to and including 1.1.1 parse hexadecimal / octal / binary integer literals via a hand-written `parseBigInt` loop that multiplies a `BigInt` accumulator by the radix once per input digit. Each iteration performs a `BigInt * BigInt` operation on an accumulator that grows linearly with the number of digits already consumed, so the whole loop is O(n²) in the literal length. The lexer regex places no upper bound on the literal length, so a single TOML document containing one ~500 kB hex literal pins one CPU core for ~40 seconds on a modern laptop (Apple M-series, Node v22). Memory amplification is bounded but CPU amplification is severe and grows quadratically: doubling the literal length quadruples the work. A caller that invokes `load()` on attacker-controlled TOML (configuration upload endpoints, CI/CD systems ingesting third-party `*.toml`, IDE plugins, build tools) is exposed to a single-request CPU exhaustion DoS. Version 1.1.2 fixes the issue.

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 15.2.0 to before 15.5.18 and 16.2.6, it was found that the fix addressing CVE-2026-44575 did not apply to middleware.ts with Turbopack. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.18 and 16.2.6.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, the new method neutralizeArraySpeciesBatch works with objects from the other side but can call into this side via getter on the array prototype exposing objects of the wrong side into the sandbox. This can be used to get host objects and get the host Function object. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.2.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.1, when a NodeVM is created with nesting: true, sandbox code can unconditionally require('vm2') regardless of the outer VM's require configuration — including require: false. With access to vm2, the sandbox constructs a new inner NodeVM with its own unrestricted require settings and executes arbitrary OS commands on the host. Any application that runs untrusted code inside a NodeVM with nesting: true is fully compromised. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.1.

cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. From 45.0.0 to before 46.0.7, if a non-contiguous buffer was passed to APIs which accepted Python buffers (e.g. Hash.update()), this could lead to buffer overflows. This vulnerability is fixed in 46.0.7.

In UFS Field Firmware Update (FFU) functionality, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to missing bounds checking on the PRDT table size. This could lead to local code execution or denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in .NET Framework allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Improper validation of specified type of input in .NET Framework allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in .NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Impact: The undici WebSocket client enforces maxPayloadSize on the cumulative byte count of fragments in a message but does not enforce a limit on the number of fragments. A malicious WebSocket server can stream many small or empty continuation frames that each pass per-frame and cumulative-size validation, collectively causing unbounded memory growth in the client process. The result is memory exhaustion and a denial of service. Affected applications are those using the undici WebSocket client (new WebSocket(...)) or the WebSocketStream API that can be induced to connect to an attacker-controlled or compromised WebSocket endpoint. All releases starting at undici 6.17.0 are affected. Patches: Upgrade to undici >= 6.26.0, >= 7.28.0, or >= 8.5.0. Workarounds: No workaround is available. The fix must be applied through an upgrade.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, SuppressedError allows attackers to escape the sandbox and run arbitrary code. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.

The Camel-PQC FileBasedKeyLifecycleManager class deserializes the contents of `<keyId>.key` files in the configured key directory using java.io.ObjectInputStream without applying any ObjectInputFilter or class-loading restrictions. The cast to `java.security.KeyPair` is evaluated only after `readObject()` has already returned, so any `readObject()` side effects in the deserialized object run before the type check. An attacker who can write to the key directory used by a Camel application — for example through a path traversal into the directory, misconfigured filesystem permissions on the volume where keys are stored, a compromised key provisioning pipeline, or a symlink attack — can place a crafted serialized Java object that, when deserialized during normal key lifecycle operations, results in arbitrary code execution in the context of the application. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.19.0 before 4.20.0, from 4.18.0 before 4.18.2. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.0, which fixes the issue by replacing java.io.ObjectInputStream-based key and metadata storage with standard PKCS#8 (private key) / X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo (public key) Base64 JSON encoding. For users on the 4.18.x LTS releases stream, upgrade to 4.18.2.

Improper neutralization of special elements used in an LDAP query ('LDAP injection') vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcprov on all (prov modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files LDAPStoreHelper. This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.74 before 1.80.2, from 1.81 before 1.81.1, from 1.82 before 1.84.

Covert timing channel vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA core on all (core modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files FrodoEngine.Java. This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.71 before 1.80.2, from 1.81 before 1.81.1, from 1.82 before 1.84.

@better-auth/expo before 1.7.16 allows certain account-takeover outcomes (e.g., unauthenticated changes of any account's email address), because it signs a caller-supplied state value without checking whether that value had been issued by the server. NOTE: the application secret must be rotated after updating to a fixed version.

A weakness has been identified in Linksys E5600 1.1.0.26. This affects an unknown part of the file /cgi-bin/fqc.cgi of the component Factory Quality Control. This manipulation causes information disclosure. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

A security flaw has been discovered in Linksys E5600 1.1.0.26. Affected by this issue is the function init_multipart of the file /cgi-bin/upload_fw.cgi of the component Header Parser. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

A vulnerability was identified in Linksys E5600 1.1.0.26. Affected by this vulnerability is the function strcpy of the file /cgi-bin/mesh_login.cgi of the component JSON Request Parser. The manipulation of the argument username/password/token/source/cn/action leads to out-of-bounds write. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

A vulnerability was determined in Linksys E5600 1.1.0.26. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/mesh_login.cgi of the component Login Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper authentication. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

CakePHP through 5.4.3 contains a header injection vulnerability in FormDataPart that allows attackers to inject MIME part headers via unsanitized Content-Type and Content-ID values. Attackers can supply CR/LF sequences in attachment MIME types or Content-IDs passed to Message::setAttachments() or HTTP client multipart data to add arbitrary headers or content.

Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open standard for machine learning interoperability. Prior to version 1.21.0, a path traversal vulnerability via symlink allows to read arbitrary files outside model or user-provided directory. This issue has been patched in version 1.21.0.

Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to versions 2.11.42, 3.6.11, and 3.7.0-ea.3, when `headerField` is configured with a non-canonical HTTP header name (e.g., `x-auth-user` instead of `X-Auth-User`), an authenticated attacker can inject their own canonical version of that header to impersonate any identity to the backend. The backend receives two header entries — the attacker-injected canonical one is read first, overriding Traefik's non-canonical write. Versions 2.11.42, 3.6.11, and 3.7.0-ea.3 patch the issue.

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a suite of open source Python modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and development in Natural Language Processing. In versions 3.9.3 and prior, the NLTK downloader does not validate the `subdir` and `id` attributes when processing remote XML index files. Attackers can control a remote XML index server to provide malicious values containing path traversal sequences (such as `../`), which can lead to arbitrary directory creation, arbitrary file creation, and arbitrary file overwrite. Commit 89fe2ec2c6bae6e2e7a46dad65cc34231976ed8a patches the issue.

A vulnerability in NLTK versions up to and including 3.9.2 allows arbitrary file read via path traversal in multiple CorpusReader classes, including WordListCorpusReader, TaggedCorpusReader, and BracketParseCorpusReader. These classes fail to properly sanitize or validate file paths, enabling attackers to traverse directories and access sensitive files on the server. This issue is particularly critical in scenarios where user-controlled file inputs are processed, such as in machine learning APIs, chatbots, or NLP pipelines. Exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive files, including system files, SSH private keys, and API tokens, and may potentially escalate to remote code execution when combined with other vulnerabilities.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat Native, Apache Tomcat. When using an OCSP responder, Tomcat Native (and Tomcat's FFM port of the Tomcat Native code) did not complete verification or freshness checks on the OCSP response which could allow certificate revocation to be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat Native:  from 1.3.0 through 1.3.4, from 2.0.0 through 2.0.11; Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.17, from 10.1.0-M7 through 10.1.51, from 9.0.83 through 9.0.114. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: from 1.1.23 through 1.1.34, from 1.2.0 through 1.2.39. Older EOL versions are not affected. Apache Tomcat Native users are recommended to upgrade to versions 1.3.5 or later or 2.0.12 or later, which fix the issue. Apache Tomcat users are recommended to upgrade to versions 11.0.18 or later, 10.1.52 or later or 9.0.115 or later which fix the issue.

The _.unset and _.omit functions in Lodash are vulnerable to prototype pollution. An attacker can pass crafted paths which cause Lodash to delete methods from global prototypes. The issue permits deletion of properties but does not allow overwriting their original behavior. The issue is patched from 4.17.23 to 4.18.0 depending on the package: lodash, lodash-es, and lodash-amd in 4.17.23, and the standalone lodash.unset and lodash.omit packages in 4.18.0.

PyTorch is a Python package that provides tensor computation. Prior to version 2.10.0, a vulnerability in PyTorch's `weights_only` unpickler allows an attacker to craft a malicious checkpoint file (`.pth`) that, when loaded with `torch.load(..., weights_only=True)`, can corrupt memory and potentially lead to arbitrary code execution. Version 2.10.0 fixes the issue.

OOM Denial of Service via Unbounded Array Allocation in Apache OpenNLP AbstractModelReader  Versions Affected:  before 1.9.5 before 2.5.9 before 3.0.0-M3  Description: The AbstractModelReader methods getOutcomes(), getOutcomePatterns(), and getPredicates() each read a 32-bit signed integer count field from a binary model stream and pass that value directly to an array allocation (new String[numOutcomes], new int[numOCTypes][], new String[NUM_PREDS]) without validating that the value is non-negative or within a reasonable bound. The count is therefore fully attacker-controlled when the model file originates from an untrusted source. A crafted .bin model file in which any of these count fields is set to Integer.MAX_VALUE (or any value large enough to exhaust the available heap) triggers an OutOfMemoryError at the array allocation itself, before the corresponding label or pattern data is consumed from the stream. The error occurs very early in deserialization: for a GIS model, getOutcomes() is reached after only the model-type string, the correction constant, and the correction parameter have been read; so the attacker pays no meaningful size cost to weaponize a payload, and a single small file can crash a JVM that loads it. Any code path that deserializes a .bin model is affected, including direct use of GenericModelReader and any higher-level component that delegates to it during model load. The practical impact is denial of service against processes that load model files from untrusted or semi-trusted origins.   Mitigation: * 2.x users should upgrade to 2.5.9. * 3.x users should upgrade to 3.0.0-M3. Note: The fix introduces an upper bound on each of the three count fields, checked before array allocation; counts that are negative or exceed the bound cause an IllegalArgumentException to be thrown and the read to fail fast with no large allocation. The default bound is 10,000,000, which is well above the entry counts of legitimate OpenNLP models but far below any value that would threaten heap exhaustion. Deployments that legitimately need to load models with more entries than the default can raise the limit at JVM startup by setting the OPENNLP_MAX_ENTRIES system property to the desired positive integer (e.g. -DOPENNLP_MAX_ENTRIES=50000000); invalid or non-positive values fall back to the default. Users who cannot upgrade immediately should treat all .bin model files as untrusted input unless their provenance is verified, and should avoid loading models supplied by end users or fetched from third-party repositories without integrity checks.

A flaw was found in dnsmasq. The DHCPv6 client hostname parser can read one byte past the end of a crafted FQDN option because it checks the next label length before confirming the pointer is still inside the option. An attacker on the local network can trigger this with a single DHCPv6 packet. The extra byte is not returned to the client or logged, and no crash has been demonstrated.

Stack-based buffer overflow in certain ASUS Router firmware allows an unauthenticated nearby attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via a crafted device name. Refer to the ' Security Update for ASUS Router AiCloud Feature ' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.

Out-of-bounds write in certain ASUS Router firmware allow an unauthenticated nearby attacker to write data beyond the intended buffer or potentially cause a denial-of-service (DoS) via a crafted packet. Refer to the '  Security Update for ASUS Router Firmware  ' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.

SD JWT JS is a JavaScript implementation of the Selective Disclosure JWT (SD-JWT) specification. In version 0.19.0 and earlier, `@sd-jwt/decode`, also used by `@sd-jwt/core`, silently drops a tampered Disclosure whose digest no longer matches the Issuer-signed `_sd` array and returns a reduced claim set, reporting success while the Issuer signature remains valid. Both a tampered Disclosure that remains valid JSON and a Disclosure containing invalid UTF-8 bytes reach this silent-drop behavior. In the latter case, the `TextDecoder / Buffer` decoding path substitutes U+FFFD replacement characters, recovering syntactically valid disclosure data instead of rejecting the malformed input. This violates RFC 9901 section 7.1 step 5, which requires rejection of unreferenced Disclosures, and section 7.1 step 3 / section 4.2.1, which require rejection of invalid Disclosures. A malicious holder can exploit this omission primitive, including through `SDJwtInstance.verify()` when key binding is required. An on-path attacker can also tamper with a Disclosure when the relying party does not enforce key binding; enforced key binding rejects on-path tampering because it invalidates the KB-JWT `sd_hash` binding. If the relying party defaults to allowing access when a constraining age, role, or restriction claim is absent, the silent claim reduction can change an authorization decision without an error. This issue is fixed in `@sd-jwt/core` version 0.20.0; no patched version of the standalone `@sd-jwt/decode` package is identified.

WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.8.7, a stored DOM cross-site scripting vulnerability in `web/html/memorando/listar_despachos.php` results from unsafe handling of the `texto` field. The affected flow spans `web/controle/memorando/DespachoControle.php` and `web/dao/memorando/DespachoDAO.php`: `FILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARS` is applied during storage, but `html_entity_decode()` later decodes the stored content and `jQuery .html()` inserts the result into the DOM. An attacker able to submit a memorandum dispatch through `/controle/control.php` using `DespachoControle` and `metodo=incluir` can store malicious HTML or JavaScript. The code executes automatically when another user views the memorandum thread through `/html/memorando/listar_despachos.php` with `id_memorando`. This permits arbitrary JavaScript execution, theft of administrator `PHPSESSID` session tokens, privileged session hijacking, account takeover, and unauthorized access to privileged or internal functionality. This issue is fixed in version 3.8.7.

Open Access Management (OpenAM) is an access management solution. Prior to 16.1.1, the `Cross-Domain Single Sign-On` (`CDSSO`) servlet allows a logged-in user's raw OpenAM session token to be POSTed to an attacker-controlled URL. An attacker who induces an authenticated victim to visit a crafted URL can receive the session credential and potentially hijack the session. Deployments must have `CDSSO` enabled, as is common in multi-domain deployments, and exploitation is additionally gated on a non-default configuration being absent. This issue is fixed in version 16.1.1.

A security flaw has been discovered in funadmin 7.1.0. Impacted is the function Curd::selectList of the file /frontend/ajax/index of the component Frontend List Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument selectFields results in sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

A vulnerability was identified in Qihoo 360 Whole Home Router M5 4.0.17.1566. This issue affects the function Home of the file /etc/init.d/mpt of the component Boot Script. The manipulation leads to hard-coded credentials. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

A vulnerability was determined in Qihoo 360 D603-2, D600-2 and D606-6 up to 6.3.2. This vulnerability affects the function on_push_message of the file /fs2/bin/iscm of the component Timezone Push Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument tz can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 6.4.0 is able to resolve this issue. Upgrading the affected component is advised. Firmware 6.4.0 gates the path with a new check_timezone_parameter validation (verified by VulDB vulnerability analysis team via disassembly).