CWE-776

The expat XML parser in the apr_xml_* interface in xml/apr_xml.c in Apache APR-util before 1.3.7, as used in the mod_dav and mod_dav_svn modules in the Apache HTTP Server, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a crafted XML document containing a large number of nested entity references, as demonstrated by a PROPFIND request, a similar issue to CVE-2003-1564.

The Alias feature in SnakeYAML before 1.26 allows entity expansion during a load operation, a related issue to CVE-2003-1564.

Improper input validation in the Kubernetes API server in versions v1.0-1.12 and versions prior to v1.13.12, v1.14.8, v1.15.5, and v1.16.2 allows authorized users to send malicious YAML or JSON payloads, causing the API server to consume excessive CPU or memory, potentially crashing and becoming unavailable. Prior to v1.14.0, default RBAC policy authorized anonymous users to submit requests that could trigger this vulnerability. Clusters upgraded from a version prior to v1.14.0 keep the more permissive policy by default for backwards compatibility.

The Zend_Xml_Security::scan in ZendXml before 1.0.1 and Zend Framework before 1.12.14, 2.x before 2.4.6, and 2.5.x before 2.5.2, when running under PHP-FPM in a threaded environment, allows remote attackers to bypass security checks and conduct XML external entity (XXE) and XML entity expansion (XEE) attacks via multibyte encoded characters.

Solr versions 1.3.0 to 1.4.1, 3.1.0 to 3.6.2 and 4.0.0 to 4.10.4 are vulnerable to an XML resource consumption attack (a.k.a. Lol Bomb) via it’s update handler.?By leveraging XML DOCTYPE and ENTITY type elements, the attacker can create a pattern that will expand when the server parses the XML causing OOMs.

On Feb 15, 2023, the following vulnerability in the ClamAV scanning library was disclosed: A vulnerability in the DMG file parser of ClamAV versions 1.0.0 and earlier, 0.105.1 and earlier, and 0.103.7 and earlier could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access sensitive information on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to enabling XML entity substitution that may result in XML external entity injection. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted DMG file to be scanned by ClamAV on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to leak bytes from any file that may be read by the ClamAV scanning process.

In libexpat before 2.2.8, crafted XML input could fool the parser into changing from DTD parsing to document parsing too early; a consecutive call to XML_GetCurrentLineNumber (or XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber) then resulted in a heap-based buffer over-read.

The xmlreader in libxml allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via crafted XML data, related to an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.

The XML parsers used by XMLBeans up to version 2.6.0 did not set the properties needed to protect the user from malicious XML input. Vulnerabilities include possibilities for XML Entity Expansion attacks. Affects XMLBeans up to and including v2.6.0.

c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.

It was discovered that an internal Prosody library to load XML based on libexpat does not properly restrict the XML features allowed in parsed XML data. Given suitable attacker input, this results in expansion of recursive entity references from DTDs (CWE-776). In addition, depending on the libexpat version used, it may also allow injections using XML External Entity References (CWE-611).

Apache POI in versions prior to release 3.15 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a specially crafted OOXML file, aka an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.

jabberd2 before 2.2.14 does not properly detect recursion during entity expansion, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) via a crafted XML document containing a large number of nested entity references, a similar issue to CVE-2003-1564.

The XStream extension in HP Fortify SCA before 2.2 RC3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unsafe deserialization of XML messages.

(1) Zend_Dom, (2) Zend_Feed, and (3) Zend_Soap in Zend Framework 1.x before 1.11.13 and 1.12.x before 1.12.0 do not properly handle SimpleXMLElement classes, which allow remote attackers to read arbitrary files or create TCP connections via an external entity reference in a DOCTYPE element in an XML-RPC request, aka an XML external entity (XXE) injection attack, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-3363.

libxml2 2.6.32 and earlier does not properly detect recursion during entity expansion in an attribute value, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) via a crafted XML document.

Qt through 5.14 allows an exponential XML entity expansion attack via a crafted SVG document that is mishandled in QXmlStreamReader, a related issue to CVE-2003-1564.

opOpenSocialPlugin 0.8.2.1, > 0.9.9.2, 0.9.13, 1.2.6: Multiple XML External Entity Injection Vulnerabilities

The OpenID client application in Atlassian Crowd before version 3.6.2, and from version 3.7.0 before 3.7.1 allows remote attackers to perform a Denial of Service attack via an XML Entity Expansion vulnerability.

Zend Framework 1 (ZF1) before 1.12.4, Zend Framework 2 before 2.1.6 and 2.2.x before 2.2.6, ZendOpenId, ZendRest, ZendService_AudioScrobbler, ZendService_Nirvanix, ZendService_SlideShare, ZendService_Technorati, and ZendService_WindowsAzure before 2.0.2, ZendService_Amazon before 2.0.3, and ZendService_Api before 1.0.0 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via (1) recursive or (2) circular references in an XML entity definition in an XML DOCTYPE declaration, aka an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2012-6532.

The package org.yaml:snakeyaml from 0 and before 1.31 are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due missing to nested depth limitation for collections.

Nokogiri gem 1.5.x and 1.6.x has DoS while parsing XML entities by failing to apply limits

Feedgen (python feedgen) before 0.9.0 is susceptible to XML Denial of Service attacks. The *feedgen* library allows supplying XML as content for some of the available fields. This XML will be parsed and integrated into the existing XML tree. During this process, feedgen is vulnerable to XML Denial of Service Attacks (e.g. XML Bomb). This becomes a concern in particular if feedgen is used to include content from untrused sources and if XML (including XHTML) is directly included instead of providing plain tex content only. This problem has been fixed in feedgen 0.9.0 which disallows XML entity expansion and external resources.

Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks

Zend Framework 1 (ZF1) before 1.12.4, Zend Framework 2 before 2.1.6 and 2.2.x before 2.2.6, ZendOpenId, ZendRest, ZendService_AudioScrobbler, ZendService_Nirvanix, ZendService_SlideShare, ZendService_Technorati, and ZendService_WindowsAzure before 2.0.2, ZendService_Amazon before 2.0.3, and ZendService_Api before 1.0.0, when PHP-FPM is used, does not properly share the libxml_disable_entity_loader setting between threads, which might allow remote attackers to conduct XML External Entity (XXE) attacks via an XML external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2012-5657.

Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop') in .NET, .NET Framework, Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Nokogiri gem 1.5.x has Denial of Service via infinite loop when parsing XML documents

libexpat through 2.6.1 allows an XML Entity Expansion attack when there is isolated use of external parsers (created via XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate).

An XML Entity Expansion (XEE) issue was discovered in Tryton Application Platform (Server) 5.x through 5.0.45, 6.x through 6.0.15, and 6.1.x and 6.2.x through 6.2.5, and Tryton Application Platform (Command Line Client (proteus)) 5.x through 5.0.11, 6.x through 6.0.4, and 6.1.x and 6.2.x through 6.2.1. An unauthenticated user can send a crafted XML-RPC message to consume all the resources of the server.

A flaw was found in libxml2. Exponential entity expansion attack its possible bypassing all existing protection mechanisms and leading to denial of service.

(1) Zend_Dom, (2) Zend_Feed, (3) Zend_Soap, and (4) Zend_XmlRpc in Zend Framework 1.x before 1.11.13 and 1.12.x before 1.12.0 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via recursive or circular references in an XML entity definition in an XML DOCTYPE declaration, aka an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.

Cisco Unified Presence before 8.5(4) does not properly detect recursion during entity expansion, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption, and process crash) via a crafted XML document containing a large number of nested entity references, aka Bug IDs CSCtq89842 and CSCtq88547, a similar issue to CVE-2003-1564.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Kirby is a content management system. A vulnerability in versions prior to 3.5.8.3, 3.6.6.3, 3.7.5.2, 3.8.4.1, and 3.9.6 only affects Kirby sites that use the `Xml` data handler (e.g. `Data::decode($string, 'xml')`) or the `Xml::parse()` method in site or plugin code. The Kirby core does not use any of the affected methods. XML External Entities (XXE) is a little used feature in the XML markup language that allows to include data from external files in an XML structure. If the name of the external file can be controlled by an attacker, this becomes a vulnerability that can be abused for various system impacts like the disclosure of internal or confidential data that is stored on the server (arbitrary file disclosure) or to perform network requests on behalf of the server (server-side request forgery, SSRF). Kirby's `Xml::parse()` method used PHP's `LIBXML_NOENT` constant, which enabled the processing of XML external entities during the parsing operation. The `Xml::parse()` method is used in the `Xml` data handler (e.g. `Data::decode($string, 'xml')`). Both the vulnerable method and the data handler are not used in the Kirby core. However they may be used in site or plugin code, e.g. to parse RSS feeds or other XML files. If those files are of an external origin (e.g. uploaded by a user or retrieved from an external URL), attackers may be able to include an external entity in the XML file that will then be processed in the parsing process. Kirby sites that don't use XML parsing in site or plugin code are *not* affected. The problem has been patched in Kirby 3.5.8.3, 3.6.6.3, 3.7.5.2, 3.8.4.1, and 3.9.6. In all of the mentioned releases, the maintainers have removed the `LIBXML_NOENT` constant as processing of external entities is out of scope of the parsing logic. This protects all uses of the method against the described vulnerability.

untangle is a python library to convert XML data to python objects. untangle versions 1.2.0 and earlier improperly restricts recursive entity references in DTDs. By exploiting this vulnerability, a remote unauthenticated attacker may cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition on the server where the product is running.

The SweetXml (aka sweet_xml) package through 0.6.6 for Erlang and Elixir allows attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via an XML entity expansion attack with an inline DTD.

libxml2, possibly before 2.5.0, does not properly detect recursion during entity expansion, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) via a crafted XML document containing a large number of nested entity references, aka the "billion laughs attack."

XML Entity Expansion (Billion Laughs Attack) on Pippo 1.12.0 results in Denial of Service.Entities are created recursively and large amounts of heap memory is taken. Eventually, the JVM process will run out of memory. Otherwise, if the OS does not bound the memory on that process, memory will continue to be exhausted and will affect other processes on the system.

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** The value set as the DefaultLocaleResolver.LOCALE_KEY attribute on the session was not validated while resolving XML definition files, leading to possible path traversal and eventually SSRF/XXE when passing user-controlled data to this key. Passing user-controlled data to this key may be relatively common, as it was also used like that to set the language in the 'tiles-test' application shipped with Tiles. This issue affects Apache Tiles from version 2 onwards. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

IBM Cognos Analytics PowerPlay (IBM Cognos Analytics 11.1.7, 11.2.0, and 11.1.7) could be vulnerable to an XML Bomb attack by a malicious authenticated user. IBM X-Force ID: 196813.

Restlet Framework 2.1.x before 2.1.7 and 2.x.x before 2.2 RC1, when using XMLRepresentation or XML serializers, allows attackers to cause a denial of service via an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.

Excel-Streaming-Reader is an easy-to-use implementation of a streaming Excel reader using Apache POI. Prior to xlsx-streamer 2.1.0, the XML parser that was used did apply all the necessary settings to prevent XML Entity Expansion issues. Upgrade to version 2.1.0 to receive a patch. There is no known workaround.

The Management Console in WSO2 API Manager through 3.1.0 and API Microgateway 2.2.0 allows XML Entity Expansion attacks.

Opencast is a free and open source solution for automated video capture and distribution. Versions of Opencast prior to 9.6 are vulnerable to the billion laughs attack, which allows an attacker to easily execute a (seemingly permanent) denial of service attack, essentially taking down Opencast using a single HTTP request. To exploit this, users need to have ingest privileges, limiting the group of potential attackers The problem has been fixed in Opencast 9.6. There is no known workaround for this issue.

An issue was discovered in OpenVPN Access Server before 2.7.0 and 2.8.x before 2.8.3. With the full featured RPC2 interface enabled, it is possible to achieve a temporary DoS state of the management interface when sending an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) payload to the XMLRPC based RPC2 interface. The duration of the DoS state depends on available memory and CPU speed. The default restricted mode of the RPC2 interface is NOT vulnerable.

Jenkins TestComplete support Plugin 2.8.1 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.

Jenkins MSTest Plugin 1.0.0 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.

REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.6 has a DoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many deep elements that have same local name attributes. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs with tree parser API like REXML::Document.new, you may be impacted to this vulnerability. If you use other parser APIs such as stream parser API and SAX2 parser API, this vulnerability is not affected. The REXML gem 3.3.6 or later include the patch to fix the vulnerability.

XXE vulnerability in 'XML2Dict' version 0.2.2 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service.

Toshiba printers use XML communication for the API endpoint provided by the printer. For the endpoint, XML parsing library is used and it is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability. An attacker can DoS the printers by sending a HTTP request without authentication. An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.

redhat-certification 7 does not properly restrict the number of recursive definitions of entities in XML documents, allowing an unauthenticated user to run a "Billion Laugh Attack" by replying to XMLRPC methods when getting the status of an host.

The Dashboard Editor in Hitachi Vantara Pentaho through 7.x - 8.x contains an XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability, which allows an authenticated remote users to trigger a denial of service (DoS) condition. Specifically, the vulnerability lies in the 'dashboardXml' parameter. Remediated in >= 7.1.0.25, >= 8.2.0.6, >= 8.3.0.0 GA

IBM InfoSphere Guardium 8.0, 8.01, and 8.2 is vulnerable to XML external entity injection, caused by improper validation of user-supplied input. A remote authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 78291.

Jenkins Code Coverage API Plugin 1.1.4 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.

InstallBuilder AutoUpdate tool and regular installers enabling <checkForUpdates> built with versions earlier than 19.11 are vulnerable to Billion laughs attack (denial-of-service).

In PHOENIX CONTACTs TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT in versions prior to 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial-of-service.

Silverstripe silverstripe/framework 4.8.1 has a quadratic blowup in Convert::xml2array() that enables a remote attack via a crafted XML document.

A vulnerability in the dashboard widget of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to improper restrictions on XML entities. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an XML-based widget on an affected server. A successful exploit could cause increased memory and CPU utilization, which could result in a DoS condition.

Altova MobileTogether Server before 7.3 SP1 allows XML exponential entity expansion, a different vulnerability than CVE-2021-37425.

kaml provides YAML support for kotlinx.serialization. Prior to version 0.53.0, applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash. Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases. There are no known workarounds.

In Linaro Automated Validation Architecture (LAVA) before 2022.11, users with valid credentials can submit crafted XMLRPC requests that cause a recursive XML entity expansion, leading to excessive use of memory on the server and a Denial of Service.

An XML External Entity (XEE) vulnerability exists in the JOC Cockpit component of SOS JobScheduler 1.12 and 1.13.2 allows attackers to read files from the server via an entity declaration in any of the XML documents that are used to specify the run-time settings of jobs and orders.

Toshiba printers use XML communication for the API endpoint provided by the printer. For the endpoint, XML parsing library is used and it is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability. An attacker can DoS the printers. An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.

OBDA systems’ Mastro 1.0 is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion (aka “billion laughs”) attack allowing denial of service.

An XML entity injection vulnerability exists in Magento 2.2 prior to 2.2.10, Magento 2.3 prior to 2.3.3 or 2.3.2-p1. An authenticated admin user can craft document type definition for an XML representing XML layout. The crafted document type definition and XML layout allow processing of external entities which can lead to information disclosure.

Infoblox NIOS before 8.5.2 allows entity expansion during an XML upload operation, a related issue to CVE-2003-1564.

fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. In versions 4.1.3 through 5.3.5, the XML parser can be forced to do an unlimited amount of entity expansion. With a very small XML input, it’s possible to make the parser spend seconds or even minutes processing a single request, effectively freezing the application. Version 5.3.6 fixes the issue. As a workaround, avoid using DOCTYPE parsing by `processEntities: false` option.

Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, Symfony\Component\Yaml\Parser resolved YAML collection aliases recursively, allowing a small untrusted YAML input to expand into a multi-gigabyte structure and exhaust memory. This issue is fixed in versions 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12.

A vulnerability in the langchain-ai/langchain repository allows for a Billion Laughs Attack, a type of XML External Entity (XXE) exploitation. By nesting multiple layers of entities within an XML document, an attacker can cause the XML parser to consume excessive CPU and memory resources, leading to a denial of service (DoS).

Typecho v1.2.1 was discovered to be vulnerable to an XML Quadratic Blowup attack via the component /index.php/action/xmlrpc.

Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, when the parser is exposed to attacker-controlled input, deeply nested mappings or sequences cause both the block-level (Parser::parseBlock()) and inline (Inline::parseSequence() / Inline::parseMapping()) parsers to recurse without a depth limit. A crafted document exhausts the PHP stack and crashes the worker. This issue is fixed in versions 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12.

A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 8 compatible) (All versions < V9.2.2), Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 9 compatible) (All versions < V10.1.2). The affected component is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion Injection. An attacker may use this to compromise the availability of the affected component.

XML External Entity Injection vulnerability in Quantum DXi6702 2.3.0.3 (11449-53631 Build304) devices via rest/Users?action=authenticate.

A XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in the VerifichePeriodiche.aspx component of GruppoSCAI RealGimm v1.1.37p38 allows attackers to read any file in the filesystem via supplying a crafted XML file.

xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) `DOMParser` and `XMLSerializer` module. In @xmldom/xmldom prior to versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13 and xmldom version 0.6.0 and prior, seven recursive traversals in lib/dom.js operate without a depth limit. A sufficiently deeply nested DOM tree causes a RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded, crashing the application. This issue has been patched in versions @xmldom/xmldom versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13.

XEE in Ivanti Connect Secure before 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA Gateway before 22.8R2.3-723 and Ivanti Neurons for Secure Access before 22.8R1.4 (Fix deployed on 02-Aug-2025) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to trigger a denial of service

SVGO, short for SVG Optimizer, is a Node.js library and command-line application for optimizing SVG files. From version 2.1.0 to before version 2.8.1, from version 3.0.0 to before version 3.3.3, and before version 4.0.1, SVGO accepts XML with custom entities, without guards against entity expansion or recursion. This can result in a small XML file (811 bytes) stalling the application and even crashing the Node.js process with JavaScript heap out of memory. This issue has been patched in versions 2.8.1, 3.3.3, and 4.0.1.

fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. Versions 4.0.0-beta.3 through 5.5.5 contain a bypass vulnerability where numeric character references (&#NNN;, &#xHH;) and standard XML entities completely evade the entity expansion limits (e.g., maxTotalExpansions, maxExpandedLength) added to fix CVE-2026-26278, enabling XML entity expansion Denial of Service. The root cause is that replaceEntitiesValue() in OrderedObjParser.js only enforces expansion counting on DOCTYPE-defined entities while the lastEntities loop handling numeric/standard entities performs no counting at all. An attacker supplying 1M numeric entity references like &#65; can force ~147MB of memory allocation and heavy CPU usage, potentially crashing the process—even when developers have configured strict limits. This issue has been fixed in version 5.5.6.

An XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in the ebookmeta.get_metadata function of lxml before v4.9.1 allows attackers to access sensitive information or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted XML input.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, Magick frees the memory of the XML tree via the `DestroyXMLTree()` function; however, this process is executed recursively with no depth limit imposed. When Magick processes an XML file with deeply nested structures, it will exhaust the stack memory, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

An XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in the ebookmeta.get_metadata function of ebookmeta before v1.2.8 allows attackers to access sensitive information or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted XML input.

Dell Hybrid Client below 1.8 version contains a Zip Bomb Vulnerability in UI. A guest privilege attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to system files modification.

pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. In versions prior to 6.10.0, manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the XMP metadata. This issue has been fixed in version 6.10.0.

An XML Entity Expansion vulnerability, also known as a 'billion laughs' attack, exists in the sitemap parser of the run-llama/llama_index repository, specifically affecting version v0.12.21. This vulnerability allows an attacker to supply a malicious Sitemap XML, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting system memory and potentially causing a system crash. The issue is resolved in version v0.12.29.

An attacker with access to an HX 10.0.0 and previous versions, may send specially-crafted data to the HX console. The malicious detection would then trigger file parsing containing exponential entity expansions in the consumer process thus causing a Denial of Service.

Hitachi Vantara Pentaho Business Analytics Server versions before 10.1.0.0 and 9.3.0.7, including 8.3.x do not correctly protect the ACL service endpoint of the Pentaho User Console against XML External Entity Reference.

When Routinator encounters a file via RRDP using a specifically crafted Document Type Definition, Routinator crashes.

libexpat through 2.5.0 allows recursive XML Entity Expansion if XML_DTD is undefined at compile time.

IBM Engineering Lifecycle Management 7.0.3 ( Interim Fix 001 through ) Interim Fix 021, 7.1.0 ( Interim Fix 001 through ) Interim Fix 009, and 7.2.0 and 7.2.0 Interim Fix 001 DOORS could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to improper handling of XML entity expansion.

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.0, FreeSWITCH's bundled XML parser expands nested <!ENTITY> declarations without a depth or count bound, so a small DTD can describe a body that expands exponentially ("billion laughs"). The PIDF body of a SIP PUBLISH is fed to this parser before any digest check, letting an unauthenticated network attacker force unbounded CPU and memory consumption with a single request. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.0.

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.13.0 until 2.74.0, the USPTO patent XML parser used the standard xml.sax.parseString() without protection against XML External Entity (XXE) attacks. An attacker could craft malicious USPTO patent XML files with external entity references that could read arbitrary files from the server filesystem, perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks, or cause denial of service through entity expansion (Billion Laughs attack). The vulnerability affects three USPTO patent format parsers: ICE (v4.x), Grant v2.5, and Application v1.x. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.74.0.

SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE is an unofficial, independently developed extension, Postprocessor IDE for SolidCAM. From version 1.0.0 to before version 1.0.2, Opening a .gpp file in the SolidCAM Postprocessor IDE extension causes the language server to parse a companion .vmid file from the same directory (naming convention: foo.gpp to foo.vmid). The VMID parser called XDocument.Load(path) without any XmlReaderSettings, inheriting the framework defaults which in .NET 8 allow DTD processing. A malicious .vmid file could therefore: disclose local files via external entity references, exhaust memory via recursive entity expansion, and cause denial of service via oversized or deeply nested XML. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.2.

Docling's METS GBS backend is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion (XXE) attacks thru 2.61.0. The backend extracts and validates XML files from .tar.gz archives using etree.fromstring() without disabling entity resolution. An attacker can craft a malicious XML file with nested entity definitions (XML Bomb) and package it into a .tar.gz archive. When processed by Docling, the exponential expansion of entities during XML parsing leads to excessive resource consumption, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition on the system running the Docling parser.

MarkUs is a web application for the submission and grading of student assignments. Prior to version 2.9.4, MarkUs allows course instructors to upload YAML files to create/update various entities (e.g., assignment settings). These YAML files are parsed with aliases enabled. This issue has been patched in version 2.9.4.

In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.4, 9.3.6, and 9.2.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2411.108, 9.3.2408.118 and 9.2.2406.123, a low privilege user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform an extensible markup language (XML) external entity (XXE) injection through the dashboard tab label field. The XXE injection has the potential to cause denial of service (DoS) attacks.

A vulnerability in the XML handling component of AOS-8 DHCP services could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to cause excessive resource consumption upon user interaction, leading to service disruption or reduced availability of the affected system. NOTE: This vulnerability only impacts Access Points running AOS Instant 8.x.x.x

In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to v2026.2.708, the internal LayoutBuilder control processes client-state XML without disabling DTD processing, allowing unauthenticated denial of service via recursive XML entity expansion.

A flaw was found in Apicurio Registry. The DocumentBuilderAccessor correctly blocks external DTD and schema access but does not disable DOCTYPE declarations or enable FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING. An attacker with artifact-write permission can upload XML documents with internal entity-expansion payloads (billion-laughs variant) that cause CPU and heap exhaustion, partially mitigated by the JAXP default 64,000 entity-expansion limit.

REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 has a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities. The REXML gem 3.4.2 or later include the patches to fix these vulnerabilities.

XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability in McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for Windows prior to 10.7.0 September 2021 Update allows a local user to initiate high CPU and memory consumption resulting in a Denial of Service attack through carefully editing the EPDeploy.xml file and then executing the setup process.

~/.config/apport/settings parsing is vulnerable to "billion laughs" attack