CWE-1321

Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 forced double OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.

jQuery before 3.4.0, as used in Drupal, Backdrop CMS, and other products, mishandles jQuery.extend(true, {}, ...) because of Object.prototype pollution. If an unsanitized source object contained an enumerable __proto__ property, it could extend the native Object.prototype.

The package y18n before 3.2.2, 4.0.1 and 5.0.5, is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution.

Parse Server is an open source http web server backend. In versions prior to 4.10.7 there is a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in Parse Server. This vulnerability affects Parse Server in the default configuration with MongoDB. The main weakness that leads to RCE is the Prototype Pollution vulnerable code in the file `DatabaseController.js`, so it is likely to affect Postgres and any other database backend as well. This vulnerability has been confirmed on Linux (Ubuntu) and Windows. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. The only known workaround is to manually patch your installation with code referenced at the source GHSA-p6h4-93qp-jhcm.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Versions prior to 4.10.18, and prior to 5.3.1 on the 5.X branch, are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via prototype pollution. An attacker can use this prototype pollution sink to trigger a remote code execution through the MongoDB BSON parser. This issue is patched in version 5.3.1 and in 4.10.18. There are no known workarounds.

Prototype Pollution in GitHub repository automattic/mongoose prior to 6.4.6.

All versions of package dojo are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the setObject function.

If an attacker was able to corrupt the methods of an Array object in JavaScript via prototype pollution, they could have achieved execution of attacker-controlled JavaScript code in a privileged context. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 91.9.1, Firefox < 100.0.2, Firefox for Android < 100.3.0, and Thunderbird < 91.9.1.

If an object prototype was corrupted by an attacker, they would have been able to set undesired attributes on a JavaScript object, leading to privileged code execution. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 102, Firefox ESR < 91.11, Thunderbird < 102, and Thunderbird < 91.11.

Due to the formatting logic of the "console.table()" function it was not safe to allow user controlled input to be passed to the "properties" parameter while simultaneously passing a plain object with at least one property as the first parameter, which could be "__proto__". The prototype pollution has very limited control, in that it only allows an empty string to be assigned to numerical keys of the object prototype.Node.js >= 12.22.9, >= 14.18.3, >= 16.13.2, and >= 17.3.1 use a null protoype for the object these properties are being assigned to.

An attacker could have sent a message to the parent process where the contents were used to double-index into a JavaScript object, leading to prototype pollution and ultimately attacker-controlled JavaScript executing in the privileged parent process. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 91.9.1, Firefox < 100.0.2, Firefox for Android < 100.3.0, and Thunderbird < 91.9.1.

A Prototype pollution vulnerability in Kibana leads to arbitrary code execution via crafted HTTP requests to machine learning and reporting endpoints.

qs before 6.10.3, as used in Express before 4.17.3 and other products, allows attackers to cause a Node process hang for an Express application because an __ proto__ key can be used. In many typical Express use cases, an unauthenticated remote attacker can place the attack payload in the query string of the URL that is used to visit the application, such as a[__proto__]=b&a[__proto__]&a[length]=100000000. The fix was backported to qs 6.9.7, 6.8.3, 6.7.3, 6.6.1, 6.5.3, 6.4.1, 6.3.3, and 6.2.4 (and therefore Express 4.17.3, which has "deps: [email protected]" in its release description, is not vulnerable).

In RPyC 4.1.x through 4.1.1, a remote attacker can dynamically modify object attributes to construct a remote procedure call that executes code for an RPyC service with default configuration settings.

JSON5 is an extension to the popular JSON file format that aims to be easier to write and maintain by hand (e.g. for config files). The `parse` method of the JSON5 library before and including versions 1.0.1 and 2.2.1 does not restrict parsing of keys named `__proto__`, allowing specially crafted strings to pollute the prototype of the resulting object. This vulnerability pollutes the prototype of the object returned by `JSON5.parse` and not the global Object prototype, which is the commonly understood definition of Prototype Pollution. However, polluting the prototype of a single object can have significant security impact for an application if the object is later used in trusted operations. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to set arbitrary and unexpected keys on the object returned from `JSON5.parse`. The actual impact will depend on how applications utilize the returned object and how they filter unwanted keys, but could include denial of service, cross-site scripting, elevation of privilege, and in extreme cases, remote code execution. `JSON5.parse` should restrict parsing of `__proto__` keys when parsing JSON strings to objects. As a point of reference, the `JSON.parse` method included in JavaScript ignores `__proto__` keys. Simply changing `JSON5.parse` to `JSON.parse` in the examples above mitigates this vulnerability. This vulnerability is patched in json5 versions 1.0.2, 2.2.2, and later.

SubTypeValidator.java in FasterXML jackson-databind before 2.9.9.2 mishandles default typing when ehcache is used (because of net.sf.ehcache.transaction.manager.DefaultTransactionManagerLookup), leading to remote code execution.

Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30356, 26.001.21367 and earlier are affected by an Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Versions of handlebars prior to 4.3.0 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution leading to Remote Code Execution. Templates may alter an Object's __proto__ and __defineGetter__ properties, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code through crafted payloads.

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') in jquery-bbq 1.2.1 allows a malicious user to inject properties into Object.prototype.

Prototype pollution attack when using _.zipObjectDeep in lodash before 4.17.20.

Passing an absolute path to a file_exists check in phpBB before 3.2.4 allows Remote Code Execution through Object Injection by employing Phar deserialization when an attacker has access to the Admin Control Panel with founder permissions.

Versions of lodash lower than 4.17.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. The function defaultsDeep could be tricked into adding or modifying properties of Object.prototype using a constructor payload.

aurelia-path is part of the Aurelia platform and contains utilities for path manipulation. There is a prototype pollution vulnerability in aurelia-path before version 1.1.7. The vulnerability exposes Aurelia application that uses `aurelia-path` package to parse a string. The majority of this will be Aurelia applications that employ the `aurelia-router` package. An example is this could allow an attacker to change the prototype of base object class `Object` by tricking an application to parse the following URL: `https://aurelia.io/blog/?__proto__[asdf]=asdf`. The problem is patched in version `1.1.7`.

This affects the package express-fileupload before 1.1.8. If the parseNested option is enabled, sending a corrupt HTTP request can lead to denial of service or arbitrary code execution.

This affects the package chart.js before 2.9.4. The options parameter is not properly sanitized when it is processed. When the options are processed, the existing options (or the defaults options) are deeply merged with provided options. However, during this operation, the keys of the object being set are not checked, leading to a prototype pollution.

Minimist <=1.2.5 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via file index.js, function setKey() (lines 69-95).

The package handlebars before 4.7.7 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution when selecting certain compiling options to compile templates coming from an untrusted source.

Prototype Pollution in GitHub repository mastodon/mastodon prior to 3.5.0.

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via __proto__, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'set-or-get' version 1.0.0 through 1.2.10 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') in jquery-plugin-query-object 2.2.3 allows a malicious user to inject properties into Object.prototype.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'getobject' version 0.1.0 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Spreecommerce versions prior to 0.60.2 contains a remote command execution vulnerability in its search functionality. The application fails to properly sanitize input passed via the search[send][] parameter, which is dynamically invoked using Ruby’s send method. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server without authentication.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'field' versions 0.0.1 through 1.0.1 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

In affected versions of dojo (NPM package), the deepCopy method is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to inject properties into existing JavaScript language construct prototypes, such as objects. An attacker manipulates these attributes to overwrite, or pollute, a JavaScript application object prototype of the base object by injecting other values. This has been patched in versions 1.12.8, 1.13.7, 1.14.6, 1.15.3 and 1.16.2

The package mathjs before 7.5.1 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the deepExtend function that runs upon configuration updates.

This affects the package convict before 6.2.3. This is a bypass of [CVE-2022-22143](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-CONVICT-2340604). The [fix](https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/commit/3b86be087d8f14681a9c889d45da7fe3ad9cd880) introduced, relies on the startsWith method and does not prevent the vulnerability: before splitting the path, it checks if it starts with __proto__ or this.constructor.prototype. To bypass this check it's possible to prepend the dangerous paths with any string value followed by a dot, like for example foo.__proto__ or foo.this.constructor.prototype.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'set-in' versions 1.0.0 through 2.0.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

This affects the package @strikeentco/set before 1.0.2. It allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution. **Note:** This vulnerability derives from an incomplete fix in https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-STRIKEENTCOSET-1038821

admin/partials/wp-splashing-admin-main.php in the Splashing Images plugin (wp-splashing-images) before 2.1.1 for WordPress allows authenticated (administrator, editor, or author) remote attackers to conduct PHP Object Injection attacks via crafted serialized data in the 'session' HTTP GET parameter to wp-admin/upload.php.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'object-collider' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.3 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'object-hierarchy-access' versions 0.2.0 through 0.32.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

All versions of package datatables.net are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution due to an incomplete fix for https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-DATATABLESNET-598806.

This affects the package ini before 1.3.6. If an attacker submits a malicious INI file to an application that parses it with ini.parse, they will pollute the prototype on the application. This can be exploited further depending on the context.

This affects the package total.js before 3.4.7. The set function can be used to set a value into the object according to the path. However the keys of the path being set are not properly sanitized, leading to a prototype pollution vulnerability. The impact depends on the application. In some cases it is possible to achieve Denial of service (DoS), Remote Code Execution or Property Injection.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'set-object-value' versions 0.0.0 through 0.0.5 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

json-schema is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

The package grpc before 1.24.4; the package @grpc/grpc-js before 1.1.8 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via loadPackageDefinition.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'patchmerge' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.1 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'changeset' versions 0.0.1 through 0.2.5 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

This affects the package vm2 before 3.9.4 via a Prototype Pollution attack vector, which can lead to execution of arbitrary code on the host machine.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'controlled-merge' versions 1.0.0 through 1.2.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

The package property-expr before 2.0.3 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the setter function.

In Async before 2.6.4 and 3.x before 3.2.2, a malicious user can obtain privileges via the mapValues() method, aka lib/internal/iterator.js createObjectIterator prototype pollution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in ‘just-safe-set’ versions 1.0.0 through 2.2.1 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'deep-override' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.1 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'safe-flat' versions 2.0.0 through 2.0.1 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'dotty' versions 0.0.1 through 0.1.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'safe-obj' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.2 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

This affects the package jszip before 3.7.0. Crafting a new zip file with filenames set to Object prototype values (e.g __proto__, toString, etc) results in a returned object with a modified prototype instance.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'set-getter' version 0.1.0 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'expand-hash' versions 0.1.0 through 1.0.1 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in `nconf-toml` versions 0.0.1 through 0.0.2 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in '101' versions 1.0.0 through 1.6.3 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'deephas' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'keyget' versions 1.0.0 through 2.2.0 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 5.5.2 and 6.2.1, an attacker can use a prototype pollution sink to trigger a remote code execution through the MongoDB BSON parser. A patch is available in versions 5.5.2 and 6.2.1.

The package node-forge before 0.10.0 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the util.setPath function. Note: Version 0.10.0 is a breaking change removing the vulnerable functions.

Versions of the package mysql2 before 3.9.8 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution due to improper user input sanitization passed to fields and tables when using nestTables.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in dot-prop npm package versions before 4.2.1 and versions 5.x before 5.1.1 allows an attacker to add arbitrary properties to JavaScript language constructs such as objects.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'flattenizer' versions 0.0.5 through 1.0.5 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'putil-merge' versions1.0.0 through 3.6.6 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'nestie' versions 0.0.0 through 1.0.0 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'js-extend' versions 0.0.1 through 1.0.1 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'deep-defaults' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'shvl' versions 1.0.0 through 2.0.1 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'deep-set' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.1 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'dset' versions 1.0.0 through 2.0.1 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

The package vm2 before 3.9.6 are vulnerable to Sandbox Bypass via direct access to host error objects generated by node internals during generation of a stacktraces, which can lead to execution of arbitrary code on the host machine.

The package irrelon-path before 4.7.0; the package @irrelon/path before 4.7.0 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the set, unSet, pushVal and pullVal functions.

The package connie-lang before 0.1.1 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in the configuration language library used by connie.

Versions of package locutus before 2.0.12 are vulnerable to prototype Pollution via the php.strings.parse_str function.

This affects the package doc-path before 2.1.2.

The package linux-cmdline before 1.0.1 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the constructor.

Prototype pollution vulnerability in function parseQuery in parseQuery.js in webpack loader-utils via the name variable in parseQuery.js. This affects all versions prior to 1.4.1 and 2.0.3.

Prototype pollution vulnerability via .parse() in Plist before v3.0.4 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) and may lead to remote code execution.

Versions of the package tough-cookie before 4.1.3 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution due to improper handling of Cookies when using CookieJar in rejectPublicSuffixes=false mode. This issue arises from the manner in which the objects are initialized.

This affects the package jsonpointer before 5.0.0. A type confusion vulnerability can lead to a bypass of a previous Prototype Pollution fix when the pointer components are arrays.

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5.

set-value is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in versions lower than 3.0.1. The function mixin-deep could be tricked into adding or modifying properties of Object.prototype using any of the constructor, prototype and _proto_ payloads.

This affects the package set-value before <2.0.1, >=3.0.0 <4.0.1. A type confusion vulnerability can lead to a bypass of CVE-2019-10747 when the user-provided keys used in the path parameter are arrays.

lodash node module before 4.17.5 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via defaultsDeep, merge, and mergeWith functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via __proto__, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

superjson is a program to allow JavaScript expressions to be serialized to a superset of JSON. In versions prior to 1.8.1 superjson allows input to run arbitrary code on any server using superjson input without prior authentication or knowledge. The only requirement is that the server implements at least one endpoint which uses superjson during request processing. This has been patched in superjson 1.8.1. Users are advised to update. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

An issue was discovered in ajv.validate() in Ajv (aka Another JSON Schema Validator) 6.12.2. A carefully crafted JSON schema could be provided that allows execution of other code by prototype pollution. (While untrusted schemas are recommended against, the worst case of an untrusted schema should be a denial of service, not execution of code.)