CVE-2024-28121

### Summary More methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. ### Details To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: ```json { "target": "[class_name]#[method_name]", "args": [] } ``` The server will proceed to instantiate `reflex` using the provided `class_name` as long as it extends `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. It then attempts to call `method_name` on the instance with the provided arguments [ref](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/0211cad7d60fe96838587f159d657e44cee51b9b/app/channels/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L83): ```ruby method = reflex.method method_name required_params = method.parameters.select { |(kind, _)| kind == :req } optional_params = method.parameters.select { |(kind, _)| kind == :opt } if arguments.size >= required_params.size && arguments.size <= required_params.size + optional_params.size reflex.public_send(method_name, *arguments) end ``` This is problematic as `reflex.method(method_name)` can be more methods than those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the `instance_variable_set` method. <details> <summary>Read more</summary> Let's imagine a reflex that uses `@user` as a trusted variable in an `after_reflex` callback. This variable can be overwritten using the following message: ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#instance_variable_set", "args": ["@user", "<admin-id>"] } ``` Here are other interesting methods that were found to be available for the [ChatReflex sample reflex](https://github.com/hopsoft/stimulus_reflex_expo/blob/dcce8c36a6782d1e7f57f0e2766a3f6fd770b3b1/app/reflexes/chat_reflex.rb) - `remote_byebug`: bind a debugging server - `pry`: drop the process in a REPL session All in all, only counting `:req` and `:opt` parameters helps. For example around [version 1.0](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/1f610b636abfed27de2c61104aebd1ac98180d5b/lib/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L41) only `.arity` was checked which allowed access to the `system` method (`.arity == -1`) ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#system", "args": ["[command here]"] } ``` Using `public_send` instead of `send` does not help but the following payloads **do not** work since `:rest` parameters are not counted in the current version ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#send", "args": ["system", "[command here]"] } ``` ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#instance_eval", "args": ["system('[command here]')"] } ``` </details> Pre-versions of 3.5.0 added a `render_collection` method on reflexes with a `:req` parameter. Calling this method could lead to arbitrary code execution: ```json { "target": "StimulusReflex::Reflex#render_collection", "args": [ { "inline": "<% system('[command here]') %>" } ] } ``` ### Patches Patches are [available on RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/gems/stimulus_reflex) and on [NPM](https://npmjs.org/package/stimulus_reflex). The patched versions are: - [`3.4.2`](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.4.2) - [`3.5.0.rc4`](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.5.0.rc4) ### Workaround You can add this guard to mitigate the issue if running an unpatched version of the library. 1.) Make sure all your reflexes inherit from the `ApplicationReflex` class 2.) Add this `before_reflex` callback to your `app/reflexes/application_reflex.rb` file: ```ruby class ApplicationReflex < StimulusReflex::Reflex before_reflex do ancestors = self.class.ancestors[0..self.class.ancestors.index(StimulusReflex::Reflex) - 1] allowed = ancestors.any? { |a| a.public_instance_methods(false).any?(method_name.to_sym) } raise ArgumentError.new("Reflex method '#{method_name}' is not defined on class '#{self.class.name}' or on any of its ancestors") if !allowed end end ```

### Summary More methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. ### Details To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: ```json { "target": "[class_name]#[method_name]", "args": [] } ``` The server will proceed to instantiate `reflex` using the provided `class_name` as long as it extends `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. It then attempts to call `method_name` on the instance with the provided arguments [ref](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/0211cad7d60fe96838587f159d657e44cee51b9b/app/channels/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L83): ```ruby method = reflex.method method_name required_params = method.parameters.select { |(kind, _)| kind == :req } optional_params = method.parameters.select { |(kind, _)| kind == :opt } if arguments.size >= required_params.size && arguments.size <= required_params.size + optional_params.size reflex.public_send(method_name, *arguments) end ``` This is problematic as `reflex.method(method_name)` can be more methods than those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the `instance_variable_set` method. <details> <summary>Read more</summary> Let's imagine a reflex that uses `@user` as a trusted variable in an `after_reflex` callback. This variable can be overwritten using the following message: ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#instance_variable_set", "args": ["@user", "<admin-id>"] } ``` Here are other interesting methods that were found to be available for the [ChatReflex sample reflex](https://github.com/hopsoft/stimulus_reflex_expo/blob/dcce8c36a6782d1e7f57f0e2766a3f6fd770b3b1/app/reflexes/chat_reflex.rb) - `remote_byebug`: bind a debugging server - `pry`: drop the process in a REPL session All in all, only counting `:req` and `:opt` parameters helps. For example around [version 1.0](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/1f610b636abfed27de2c61104aebd1ac98180d5b/lib/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L41) only `.arity` was checked which allowed access to the `system` method (`.arity == -1`) ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#system", "args": ["[command here]"] } ``` Using `public_send` instead of `send` does not help but the following payloads **do not** work since `:rest` parameters are not counted in the current version ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#send", "args": ["system", "[command here]"] } ``` ```json { "target": "ChatReflex#instance_eval", "args": ["system('[command here]')"] } ``` </details> Pre-versions of 3.5.0 added a `render_collection` method on reflexes with a `:req` parameter. Calling this method could lead to arbitrary code execution: ```json { "target": "StimulusReflex::Reflex#render_collection", "args": [ { "inline": "<% system('[command here]') %>" } ] } ``` ### Patches Patches are [available on RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/gems/stimulus_reflex) and on [NPM](https://npmjs.org/package/stimulus_reflex). The patched versions are: - [`3.4.2`](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.4.2) - [`3.5.0.rc4`](https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.5.0.rc4) ### Workaround You can add this guard to mitigate the issue if running an unpatched version of the library. 1.) Make sure all your reflexes inherit from the `ApplicationReflex` class 2.) Add this `before_reflex` callback to your `app/reflexes/application_reflex.rb` file: ```ruby class ApplicationReflex < StimulusReflex::Reflex before_reflex do ancestors = self.class.ancestors[0..self.class.ancestors.index(StimulusReflex::Reflex) - 1] allowed = ancestors.any? { |a| a.public_instance_methods(false).any?(method_name.to_sym) } raise ArgumentError.new("Reflex method '#{method_name}' is not defined on class '#{self.class.name}' or on any of its ancestors") if !allowed end end ```

stimulus_reflex es un sistema para ampliar las capacidades de Rails y Stimulus interceptando las interacciones del usuario y pasándolas a Rails a través de websockets en tiempo real. En las versiones afectadas se pueden invocar más métodos de los esperados en instancias reflejas. Poder llamar a algunos de ellos tiene implicaciones de seguridad. Para invocar un reflejo, se envía un mensaje websocket con la siguiente forma: `\"target\":\"[class_name]#[method_name]\",\"args\":[]`. El servidor procederá a crear una instancia de `reflex` utilizando el `class_name` proporcionado siempre que extienda `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. Luego intenta llamar a "method_name" en la instancia con los argumentos proporcionados. Esto es problemático ya que `reflex.method method_name` puede contener más métodos que los especificados explícitamente por el desarrollador en su clase refleja. Un buen ejemplo es el método instance_variable_set. Esta vulnerabilidad ha sido parcheada en las versiones 3.4.2 y 3.5.0.rc4. Los usuarios que no puedan actualizar deben: consultar el aviso de respaldo de GHSA para obtener consejos de mitigación.